The name is supposedly derived from the mushrooms ability to act as a fly killer. Supposedly if the mushroom is crushed and placed in milk, it will attract flies and kill them. The fly agaric is fascinating because it is poisonous and edible and the same time. Most field guides even say that it can be fatal.
There is only one death that I see popping up again and again. Basically a lb Italian count ate something in the neighborhood of 3 dozen mushrooms and died while he was visiting the states. He also had a friend who ate many as well, who fell ill, went to the hospital, and recovered.
Original Count De Vecchi Article. Even so, many people eat muscaria, and most say it is quite good. The mushroom must be boiled in water to remove the toxins before eating though. When you eat it dried, freshly cooked, or drink water it has been cooked in, you will become intoxicated, or possibly just get sick and vomit all over the place.
The intoxication is often compared to being incredibly drunk, as opposed to a more cerebral experience talked about when ingesting psilocybin mushrooms, like those that indigenous South American populations ate to gain visions and visit the spirit world.
The variety we have in Minnesota should be Amanita var. Some people that ingest this mushroom for narcotic purposes say that the yellow muscaria are not as powerful as the red ones, others also say that it will only make you sick. I know from personal experience dealing with alternative medicine stores in Minnesota that muscaria has, in the past, been one of the fastest selling products offered, moving out as quick as it comes in and commanding quite the wait list.
Sale of muscaria is legal, for now, and probably will remain that way, especially the way legalization is going, which I think is a good thing, for the record, mushrooms being a natural substance and all. Note the bell-shaped bottom and ring around the stem near the cap anulus.
I only see muscaria under young aspen in the fall, around September in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Mostly we hear about Siberian tribes eating the muscaria, a certain group called the Koryaks, a nomadic group that rely on reindeer as part of their culture.
Basically the males eat the mushrooms and get very intoxicated. However, if the mushrooms are cooked and boiled in water beforehand, the toxins are extracted, and the mushrooms are perfectly safe to eat.
The funky part about the ibotenic acid in muscaria mushrooms what makes you become intoxicated is that your body will not absorb all of it, and that it is passed through your urine.
Apparently the urine could be used up to times, which is a strange thought. Here is the account from R. Gordon Wasson, an amateur mycologist who wrote quite a book regarding muscaria:. Those who are rich among them lay up large provisions of these mushrooms, for the winter.
When they make feast, they pour water upon some of these Mushrooms and boil them. They then drink the liquor, which intoxicates them; The poorer sort who cannot afford to lay in a store of these mushrooms, post themselves on these occasions, round the huts of the rich and watch the opportunity of the guests comind down to make water. And then hold a wooden bowl to receive the urine which they drink off greedily, as having still some virtue of the mushroom in it and by this way they also get drunk.
From Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality. Hiding in the grass under young aspen-their preferred tree where I live in the Midwest. When I first ate them I was a little nervous, I mean its an Amanita after all, the family home to the most deadly mushrooms we know! Cut the muscaria up before boiling to help along the detoxification process.
Some people say that they only eat the caps of these, but the whole mushroom is good. Cooked muscaria, like some othe Amanitas, have a nice texture, and the stems are a bit reminiscent of calamari. Boiled muscaria, ready for cooking. The texture of the stems is reminiscent of calamari to me. They keep a decent flavor for having been boiled for an extended period of time.
The irony! For the fermented pickles, muscaria are boiled for minutes, then drained, rinsed clean, dried, and mixed with a proportion of salt and water.
The man who demonstrated the technique mentioned he liked stirring the finished fermented pickles into miso soup. The red mushroom is likely of the genus Russula, and the multi-mushroom growth on the decaying log appears to be Polyporus badius.
The coral-looking growth looks like a type of Ramaria, or possibly Clavulina. As if by magic, mushrooms materialize. Fungus among us Late last August, storms raked the state — spawning 18 tornadoes, according to the National Weather Service. I'm no mycologist, but this is one of the most colorful spectacles of fungus I've ever seen. Mike McFadzen Greenbush The Madison Mycological Society responds: A few of the images the yellow mushrooms with what may best be described as "bumps" represent variations of Amanita muscaria, as possibly does the flat and more brownish mushroom with striated edges.
Photo gallery by Mike McFadzen. Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine. Cap — cm, hemispheric to plane in age, milk-chocolate brown, slightly mottled, margin strait and slightly darker than disk, smooth, dry Tubes — depressed-attached, pinkish-white when young and deep tan when mature, 5 mm deep Pores — per mm, round, pale pink-tan Flesh — white, no color change when cut, very thick, bland taste Stalk — cm X cm, tapers downward, central, curved, apex is slightly reticulate and mostly light to medium brown, base is white, fibrous-striate, tough, solid Spores — rusty brown, elliptical, smooth, x microns Comments — It was found only once in September at Whitefish Dunes State Park.
It is also known by the name Xanthoconium affine. Cap — 4—10 cm, hemispheric to broadly convex, deep orange brown to rich chocolate brown to slightly reddish-brown, slightly tacky, smooth to finely tomentose Stem — 5—9 cm by cm, clavate-bulbous, tapers upward, same color as cap, fibrous-striate surface, dry, tough, solid white interior Pores — bright yellow, tiny, round, 3 per mm, bruising blue with cut or injury Tubes — 5 mm deep, depressed-attached Flesh — white but bruises blue near tubes when cut, no flavor, not bitter Spores — deep brown, spindle-shaped, smooth, x microns.
Grows solitary to scattered on soil or in moss near conifers Cap — 3 to 6 cm, broadly convex to nearly flat in age, reddish brown disk to yellow tan near margin, fine dark appressed fibers, dry to slightly tacky when wet Pore layer — Depressed attached to sinuate, rosy to orange brown, pores are 1 mm wide, round to slightly angular near stalk, tubes 4 to 5 mm long Flesh — Dull yellow, very thick Stalk — 3 to 6 cm by 8 to 10 mm, central, tapers up from a slightly bulbous base, tan with reddish brown vertical streaks, chrome yellow base and interior, solid to pithy Spore print — Dark brown Spores — x 3.
Cap — cm, broadly convex to concave in age, medium pinkish tan, dry, slightly tomentose surface as seen with a 10 X magnifier, rose color shows where cuticle is cut Tubes — depressed-attached, yellow-olive to dull dark yellow brown in age, up to 8 mm long Pores — angular elongated, dull yellow, per mm Flesh — pale yellow-tan, medium-thick, slowly turns blue when cut Stalk — central, curved, cm x mm, tapers downward, dry, pink dotted vertical lines over yellow-tan undersurface, firm, tough, becomes slightly pithy Spores — olive brown, elliptical to spindle-shaped, entire, slightly roughened, x3.
Also known as Xerocomus rubellus. Cap — cm, hemispheric to broadly convex, rosy-brown to rich yellow-brown, dry, velvety, bruises with a quick color change to dark blue-gray Tubes — depressed-attached, dull yellow, 5 mm deep Pores — deep orange to red-orange, per mm, bruise deep blue-gray quickly, round Flesh — yellow turning dark blue-gray quickly when cut; medium-thick Stalk — central, cylindrical to clavate, cm x Fruiting Body — cm wide, black, smooth, rubbery, top-shaped to slightly concave and contorted, average size is 1.
Grows in scattered groups on hardwood logs, some with bark and others without bark. Fruiting body — mm tall by 1 mm wide, yellow to yellow-orange, round with bluntly pointed tips and wider flat base; some have tiny tip branching. It looks like a small coral but is actually a jelly fungus.
Spores — buff, elliptical to sausage shape, smooth, x A similar species, Calocera furcata, can be found on dead conifers. Fruiting body — 10 to 11 cm tall, 11 cm wide, a flattened ball with a narrower basal section in age, outer surface tan to light brown, cracking lines develop in age, interior white to brown to purple brown as spores mature, base is partly hollow and a separate texture from upper part, stalk up to 6 cm wide Spores — purple-brown, round, spiny, 3. Spore mass develops as it ages and turns brown, large cracks opening outer skin and interior becomes slimy and foul-smelling Spores — olive brown, round, minutely spiny, microns Comments — found in many areas but mostly on private properties from early July to October.
Cap — cm, purplish-brown, broadly convex to plane with faint umbo, not viscid, margin is striate and slightly uplifted in age and splits, hygrophanous Gills — decurrent, medium-gray, broad, intervenose, sub-distant Flesh — thick, grayish Stalk — cm x mm, tapers downward, dry, dull sheen, interior becomes pithy Spores — white, elliptical, smooth, not amyloid, x microns Comments — found only once in October on private land.
Cap — cm, deep yellow, very broadly convex to plane and concave in age, smooth Gills — decurrent, yellow, blunt, narrow, some forking to intervenose Flesh — concolor, thick, odor like apricots Stalk — cm x cm, concolor, smooth, solid, tapers downward, bruises orange-brown in age Spores — pale yellow, elliptical, smooth, not amyloid, x microns Comments — grows from July to September and has been found in Peninsula State Park, Kangaroo Lake Preserve, Rock island, Logan Creek Preserve.
Cap — cm wide, very broadly convex to funnel-shaped with a hole in the center, deep yellow, hygrophanous, smooth to finely fibrillose Gills — decurrent, distant, concolor, blunt, shallow Flesh — thin, concolor Stalk — cm x mm, central, cylindrical, tubular, smooth, concolor, tapers downward Spores — white, non-amyloid, elliptical, smooth, x microns Comments — found in September on Rock Island. Grows scattered in moss and humus or on rotting conifers Cap — 2 cm, flat to funnel shape, dull tan, widely spaced clumps of fibers on surface, dry, hygrophanous Gills — Decurrent, tan, very widely spaced and intervenose, blunt edges Flesh — Pale olive yellow, very thin Stalk — 2 cm by 5 mm, tan apex, flexuous, chrome yellow base, smooth to finely tomentose near apex, hollow Spore print — White Spores — x microns, nearly round, slightly roughened, non-amyloid Comments: This species may be more common than reported because it is small and difficult to see.
Grows solitary to widely scattered on soil or moss under conifers Cap — 1 to 3 cm, very broadly convex to flat with small pointed umbo, medium gray, incurved tomentose margin, not hygrophanous, striate nor viscid Gills — Decurrent, white, close, all forked at least once, narrow Flesh — Light gray, thick, nice odor Stalk — 3 to 6 cm by 3 to 7 mm, narrower at base, flexuous, very pale gray, fibrous, pithy with cartilaginous rind Spore print — White Spores — x microns, long-elliptical, entire, amyloid Comments: This species likes to grow in Haircap Moss and is never abundant.
It is easily recognized by the pointed umbo on a usually flat silvery gray cap. Grows scattered to gregarious on well-rotted wood and on soil in low damp mixed woods Cap — 1. Cerrena unicolor Polyporaceae Furry Maze Polypore. Fruiting body — cm wide by cm deep, top surface very furry, gray but turning green in age with algae covering it, margin is ruffled, wavy and white.
It is very thin, leathery and up to 2 mm thick. Pore surface — beige to gray, pores 3 to 4 per mm, becoming labyrinth and slightly toothed, pore layer is Fruiting body — mm wide and tall, blue-green, partial flattened funnel shaped, smooth, thin-fleshed Spores — colorless, non-amyloid, smooth cylindrical, c 1.
A similar species, Chlorociboria aeruginosa , has smaller spores. Grows on dead or dying hardwood logs and stumps and on apple and plum trees, causing silver leaf damage to the trees, eventually killing them. Fruiting body — average 4cm x 1. Fruiting body — cm tall by mm wide, white, smooth, round-tipped that turn light yellow in age, brittle, sometimes with a long vertical groove in center, un-branched Spores — white, non-amyloid, elliptical, smooth, 4.
Grows scattered to gregarious on sandy soil in mixed conifer woods Fruiting body — upright round-tipped clubs, 3 to 8 cm tall by 3 to 11 mm wide, stems are mm wide and slightly darker near base, top is slightly wrinkled, dull yellow-tan, dry, inside is white and cottony compared to outer rigid shell Spores — white, non-amyloid, spindle-shaped, smooth, x 3.
Grows single to widely scattered on soil in mixed woods Fruiting body — 7 to 10cm tall, fertile top portion 6cm long with vertical wrinkles, dull medium yellow, flat top is 2 to 3cm wide, wrinkled, brighter yellow than sides Basal section — 3 to 4cm long by 2cm wide, gray-tan, smooth Interior — white to pale yellow, moist, soft, pithy Spore print — pale buff Spores — elliptical, non-amyloid, smooth, x microns Found from August to September.
Also seen in Ephraim upland woods in ; last seen in September ! Fruiting body — cm tall by cm wide, white with dark gray base, contorted tops are many-branched with a few blunt tips, base is It is also known as Clavulina coralloides. The mold that grows on this is called Helminthosphaeria clavariarum. Fruiting body — cm tall, stalk section is 2 cm long by mm wide, multi-branched with a few having 2 tips, branched top is light yellow, mid part is dull yellow-tan and base is white.
Fruiting body — cm tall by Fruiting body — cm tall by mm wide, deep yellow, smooth, round-tipped, slightly flattened and longitudinally wrinkled and grooved, unbranched, tapers downward Spores — white, non-amyloid, round to oblong or pear-shaped, It is also know by the names Clavulinopsis pulchra and Ramariopsis laeticolor. Fruiting body — cm wide by cm deep, cm thick, soft, white, overlapping layers, top surface furry or matted wooly Teeth — up to 2 cm long, pale tan, fragile Flesh — 12 — 15 mm, thick, pale tan Spores — white, non-amyloid, elliptical, smooth, x 3 microns Comments — This sometimes grows high on the side of a standing tree and is impossible to examine, but I have found some on recently fallen trees that were accessible.
I have seen one in late winter and it turned completely black 6 months after fresh growth. It is also known by the name Steccherinum septentrionale. Grows solitary to cespitose or widely scattered on soil in mixed woods Cap — 3 to 7 cm, nearly flat to funnel shape, margin down-curved then uplifted in age, grayish-brown, dull sheen, smooth to faintly striate, dry Gills — Adnate to decurrent, pale tan, medium broad, close Flesh — White to light tan, medium-thick, foul odor in age like cherry or peach pits Stalk — 3 to 5 cm by 5 to 10mm at apex and 9 to 24 mm at basal bulb, tan to medium brown, smooth, pithy to hollow Spore print — White Spores — x microns, long oval, prominent apiculus, entire Comments: This is easily identified because of its extreme bulbous base which tapers up to a much narrower apex.
It is fairly common but never abundant and can be found from late July to late October. Grows scattered or in large arcs on soil under pines Cap — cm, light tan margin to medium pinkish tan center, smooth, plane to broadly concave Gills — Adnate to short-decurrent or slightly notched, tan, close to crowded, broad Flesh — very thick, white, slight acrid odor Stalk — central, cylindrical, 7 cm x 2.
Grows solitary or in large fairy rings on soil in open mixed woods Cap — 10 to 40 cm, broadly convex to flat, white to buff, pinkish-tan in the maxima group of C. The only records are from with a Clearing class and September with a Clearing class. No details of the findings were noted. We have no other records in Door County. Some mycologists put it in the genus Leucopaxillus due to its weakly amyloid spores. Grows scattered in grass along wooded trails Cap — 6 to 12 cm, very broadly convex to plane and slightly concave in age but not a true funnel, medium orange brown, tacky grass sticks to cap margin incurved in young and is undulating in age Stem — cm by cm, central to off-center and contorted in age, apex narrower, tan, cartilaginous, stuffed to pithy, orange interior Gills — short decurrent, tan, close to crowded, broad Flesh — concolor with cap Spores — white to pale buff, non-amyloid, fat oval, tuberculate, Grows scattered to gregarious and in fairy rings on soil in mixed woods Cap — 3 to 12 cm, hemispheric to broadly convex to nearly flat in age, light pinkish-purple to light tan, margin incurved at first to uplifted in age, smooth to minutely tomentose, slightly viscid when fresh Gills — Sinuate, pinkish-tan to pale violet, close to crowded, narrow Flesh — Pale violet, thick, nice odor Stalk — 3.
It has also been seen at Newport Park and Whitefish Dunes. Cap — cm, broadly convex to concave in age, white to tan, finely fibrillose to smooth, dry, margin wavy Gills — adnate to short decurrent, tan, close to crowded, narrow to medium-broad Flesh — thick, white to off-white, bad odor Stalk — cm x cm, central, cylindrical, tan, slightly striate, slightly bulbous, solid Spores — buff, non-amyloid, elliptical, smooth, x 3. Cap — cm, very broadly convex to plane, light to medium yellow-tan, faintly tomentose, low umbo, down curved margin, has a dry chalky appearance and is slightly viscid to tacky Gills — slightly decurrent, pale tan, close to crowded, narrow Flesh — white, thick Stalk — 6 cm x 1.
Cap — The former name was Clitocybe ocula. This needs more study. It might be Clitocybula abundans , instead. Grows densely clustered low on well rotted conifers Cap — It has only been seen once at Toft Point on and not recorded at any other Door County location.
Grows solitary to widely scattered on soil in mixed woods Cap — 2. It is never abundant and has only been recorded at Toft Point on Cap — 1. Grows scattered on soil under conifers Cap — 3 to 12 cm, concave to funnel shape, zonate, dry velvety concentric bands of medium orange brown, paler margin, some funnels have half-circle caps growing inside, hygrophanous Pore surface — Slightly decurrent, gray-tan to medium gray brown, very pale tan at margin, pores 1 to 2 per mm, not round, irregular shape, tubes 1 to 3 mm long Flesh — Brown, thin, zoned, dry, tough Stalk — 2 to 3 cm by 2 to 3 mm, medium yellow brown to rich cinnamon brown, soft, dry, tomentose Spore print — Pale brown; difficult to get spores to drop.
Spores — 6. Coniophora puteana Coniophoraceae Wet Rot. Fruiting body — fairly thin spreading medium brown bumpy main section with white finely furry border, 4 to 7 cm or larger Spores — brown, elliptical, roughened but entire, x microns Comments — First seen in mid-October in Newport State Park. Coprinopsis atramentaria Psathyrellaceae Alcohol Ink Cap.
Grows single to densely clustered on lawns, disturbed ground and on soil in mixed woods, generally from buried wood or tree roots. It was formerly called Coprinus atramentarius. Cap — cm tall by This species does not liquefy as rapidly as others. Entire fruiting body is 10 to 16 cm tall.
Cap — cm x cm, gray-brown, striate with pale tan floccose covering, bell-shaped in age Gills — nearly free, very pale gray, turning black in age, broad, crowded, turning inky in age Flesh — thin, gray, soft, smells like mothballs Stalk — cm x mm, central, cylindrical, tapers upward, very pale tan, hollow slight bulbous base, smooth Spores — black, elliptical, smooth, x microns Comments —It is possibly poisonous.
I first saw this on wood chips near the Ridges Sanctuary Nature Center on , and again in September This is not in any Midwest mushroom field guides. They like to grow near beech trees in Europe and it is thought they like alkaline soil. I suspect the wood chips on which they were growing had been imported from the west coast of America which is the home of David Arora and is also where Magpies are common.
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